/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.net.io;

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import org.apache.commons.net.util.NetConstants;

/**
 * The Util class cannot be instantiated and stores short static convenience methods that are often quite useful.
 *
 *
 * @see CopyStreamException
 * @see CopyStreamListener
 * @see CopyStreamAdapter
 */

public final class Util {

    /**
     * The default buffer size ({@value}) used by {@link #copyStream copyStream } and {@link #copyReader copyReader} and by the copyReader/copyStream methods if
     * a zero or negative buffer size is supplied.
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

    /**
     * Closes the object quietly, catching rather than throwing IOException. Intended for use from finally blocks.
     *
     * @param closeable the object to close, may be {@code null}
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public static void closeQuietly(final Closeable closeable) {
        if (closeable != null) {
            try {
                closeable.close();
            } catch (final IOException e) {
                // Ignored
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Closes the socket quietly, catching rather than throwing IOException. Intended for use from finally blocks.
     *
     * @param socket the socket to close, may be {@code null}
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public static void closeQuietly(final Socket socket) {
        if (socket != null) {
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (final IOException e) {
                // Ignored
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Same as <code>copyReader(source, dest, DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE);</code>
     *
     * @param source where to copy from
     * @param dest   where to copy to
     * @return number of bytes copied
     * @throws CopyStreamException on error
     */
    public static long copyReader(final Reader source, final Writer dest) throws CopyStreamException {
        return copyReader(source, dest, DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Copies the contents of a Reader to a Writer using a copy buffer of a given size. The contents of the Reader are read until its end is reached, but
     * neither the source nor the destination are closed. You must do this yourself outside the method call. The number of characters read/written is
     * returned.
     *
     * @param source     The source Reader.
     * @param dest       The destination writer.
     * @param bufferSize The number of characters to buffer during the copy. A zero or negative value means to use {@link #DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE}.
     * @return The number of characters read/written in the copy operation.
     * @throws CopyStreamException If an error occurs while reading from the source or writing to the destination. The CopyStreamException will contain the
     *                             number of bytes confirmed to have been transferred before an IOException occurred, and it will also contain the IOException
     *                             that caused the error. These values can be retrieved with the CopyStreamException getTotalBytesTransferred() and
     *                             getIOException() methods.
     */
    public static long copyReader(final Reader source, final Writer dest, final int bufferSize) throws CopyStreamException {
        return copyReader(source, dest, bufferSize, CopyStreamEvent.UNKNOWN_STREAM_SIZE, null);
    }

    /**
     * Copies the contents of a Reader to a Writer using a copy buffer of a given size and notifies the provided CopyStreamListener of the progress of the copy
     * operation by calling its bytesTransferred(long, int) method after each write to the destination. If you wish to notify more than one listener you should
     * use a CopyStreamAdapter as the listener and register the additional listeners with the CopyStreamAdapter.
     * <p>
     * The contents of the Reader are read until its end is reached, but neither the source nor the destination are closed. You must do this yourself outside
     * the method call. The number of characters read/written is returned.
     *
     * @param source     The source Reader.
     * @param dest       The destination writer.
     * @param bufferSize The number of characters to buffer during the copy. A zero or negative value means to use {@link #DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE}.
     * @param streamSize The number of characters in the stream being copied. Should be set to CopyStreamEvent.UNKNOWN_STREAM_SIZE if unknown. Not currently
     *                   used (though it is passed to {@link CopyStreamListener#bytesTransferred(long, int, long)}
     * @param listener   The CopyStreamListener to notify of progress. If this parameter is null, notification is not attempted.
     * @return The number of characters read/written in the copy operation.
     * @throws CopyStreamException If an error occurs while reading from the source or writing to the destination. The CopyStreamException will contain the
     *                             number of bytes confirmed to have been transferred before an IOException occurred, and it will also contain the IOException
     *                             that caused the error. These values can be retrieved with the CopyStreamException getTotalBytesTransferred() and
     *                             getIOException() methods.
     */
    public static long copyReader(final Reader source, final Writer dest, final int bufferSize, final long streamSize, final CopyStreamListener listener)
            throws CopyStreamException {
        int numChars;
        long total = 0;
        final char[] buffer = new char[bufferSize > 0 ? bufferSize : DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];

        try {
            while ((numChars = source.read(buffer)) != NetConstants.EOS) {
                // Technically, some read(char[]) methods may return 0, and we cannot
                // accept that as an indication of EOF.
                if (numChars == 0) {
                    final int singleChar = source.read();
                    if (singleChar < 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    dest.write(singleChar);
                    dest.flush();
                    ++total;
                    if (listener != null) {
                        listener.bytesTransferred(total, 1, streamSize);
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                dest.write(buffer, 0, numChars);
                dest.flush();
                total += numChars;
                if (listener != null) {
                    listener.bytesTransferred(total, numChars, streamSize);
                }
            }
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            throw new CopyStreamException("IOException caught while copying.", total, e);
        }

        return total;
    }

    /**
     * Same as <code>copyStream(source, dest, DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE);</code>
     *
     * @param source where to copy from
     * @param dest   where to copy to
     * @return number of bytes copied
     * @throws CopyStreamException on error
     */
    public static long copyStream(final InputStream source, final OutputStream dest) throws CopyStreamException {
        return copyStream(source, dest, DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Copies the contents of an InputStream to an OutputStream using a copy buffer of a given size. The contents of the InputStream are read until the end of
     * the stream is reached, but neither the source nor the destination are closed. You must do this yourself outside the method call. The number of bytes
     * read/written is returned.
     *
     * @param source     The source InputStream.
     * @param dest       The destination OutputStream.
     * @param bufferSize The number of bytes to buffer during the copy. A zero or negative value means to use {@link #DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE}.
     * @return The number of bytes read/written in the copy operation.
     * @throws CopyStreamException If an error occurs while reading from the source or writing to the destination. The CopyStreamException will contain the
     *                             number of bytes confirmed to have been transferred before an IOException occurred, and it will also contain the IOException
     *                             that caused the error. These values can be retrieved with the CopyStreamException getTotalBytesTransferred() and
     *                             getIOException() methods.
     */
    public static long copyStream(final InputStream source, final OutputStream dest, final int bufferSize) throws CopyStreamException {
        return copyStream(source, dest, bufferSize, CopyStreamEvent.UNKNOWN_STREAM_SIZE, null);
    }

    /**
     * Copies the contents of an InputStream to an OutputStream using a copy buffer of a given size and notifies the provided CopyStreamListener of the progress
     * of the copy operation by calling its bytesTransferred(long, int) method after each write to the destination. If you wish to notify more than one listener
     * you should use a CopyStreamAdapter as the listener and register the additional listeners with the CopyStreamAdapter.
     * <p>
     * The contents of the InputStream are read until the end of the stream is reached, but neither the source nor the destination are closed. You must do this
     * yourself outside the method call. The number of bytes read/written is returned.
     *
     * @param source     The source InputStream.
     * @param dest       The destination OutputStream.
     * @param bufferSize The number of bytes to buffer during the copy. A zero or negative value means to use {@link #DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE}.
     * @param streamSize The number of bytes in the stream being copied. Should be set to CopyStreamEvent.UNKNOWN_STREAM_SIZE if unknown. Not currently used
     *                   (though it is passed to {@link CopyStreamListener#bytesTransferred(long, int, long)}
     * @param listener   The CopyStreamListener to notify of progress. If this parameter is null, notification is not attempted.
     * @return number of bytes read/written
     * @throws CopyStreamException If an error occurs while reading from the source or writing to the destination. The CopyStreamException will contain the
     *                             number of bytes confirmed to have been transferred before an IOException occurred, and it will also contain the IOException
     *                             that caused the error. These values can be retrieved with the CopyStreamException getTotalBytesTransferred() and
     *                             getIOException() methods.
     */
    public static long copyStream(final InputStream source, final OutputStream dest, final int bufferSize, final long streamSize,
            final CopyStreamListener listener) throws CopyStreamException {
        return copyStream(source, dest, bufferSize, streamSize, listener, true);
    }

    /**
     * Copies the contents of an InputStream to an OutputStream using a copy buffer of a given size and notifies the provided CopyStreamListener of the progress
     * of the copy operation by calling its bytesTransferred(long, int) method after each write to the destination. If you wish to notify more than one listener
     * you should use a CopyStreamAdapter as the listener and register the additional listeners with the CopyStreamAdapter.
     * <p>
     * The contents of the InputStream are read until the end of the stream is reached, but neither the source nor the destination are closed. You must do this
     * yourself outside the method call. The number of bytes read/written is returned.
     *
     * @param source     The source InputStream.
     * @param dest       The destination OutputStream.
     * @param bufferSize The number of bytes to buffer during the copy. A zero or negative value means to use {@link #DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE}.
     * @param streamSize The number of bytes in the stream being copied. Should be set to CopyStreamEvent.UNKNOWN_STREAM_SIZE if unknown. Not currently used
     *                   (though it is passed to {@link CopyStreamListener#bytesTransferred(long, int, long)}
     * @param listener   The CopyStreamListener to notify of progress. If this parameter is null, notification is not attempted.
     * @param flush      Whether to flush the output stream after every write. This is necessary for interactive sessions that rely on buffered streams. If you
     *                   don't flush, the data will stay in the stream buffer.
     * @return number of bytes read/written
     * @throws CopyStreamException If an error occurs while reading from the source or writing to the destination. The CopyStreamException will contain the
     *                             number of bytes confirmed to have been transferred before an IOException occurred, and it will also contain the IOException
     *                             that caused the error. These values can be retrieved with the CopyStreamException getTotalBytesTransferred() and
     *                             getIOException() methods.
     */
    public static long copyStream(final InputStream source, final OutputStream dest, final int bufferSize, final long streamSize,
            final CopyStreamListener listener, final boolean flush) throws CopyStreamException {
        int numBytes;
        long total = 0;
        final byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize > 0 ? bufferSize : DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];

        try {
            while ((numBytes = source.read(buffer)) != NetConstants.EOS) {
                // Technically, some read(byte[]) methods may return 0, and we cannot
                // accept that as an indication of EOF.

                if (numBytes == 0) {
                    final int singleByte = source.read();
                    if (singleByte < 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    dest.write(singleByte);
                    if (flush) {
                        dest.flush();
                    }
                    ++total;
                    if (listener != null) {
                        listener.bytesTransferred(total, 1, streamSize);
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                dest.write(buffer, 0, numBytes);
                if (flush) {
                    dest.flush();
                }
                total += numBytes;
                if (listener != null) {
                    listener.bytesTransferred(total, numBytes, streamSize);
                }
            }
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            throw new CopyStreamException("IOException caught while copying.", total, e);
        }

        return total;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new PrintWriter using the default encoding.
     *
     * @param printStream the target PrintStream.
     * @return a new PrintWriter.
     * @since 3.11.0
     */
    public static PrintWriter newPrintWriter(final PrintStream printStream) {
        return new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(printStream, Charset.defaultCharset()));
    }

    /** Cannot be instantiated. */
    private Util() {
    }
}