/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.logging.impl;
  
  import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
  import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Enumeration;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Hashtable;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.Set;
  
  /**
   * Implements {@code Hashtable} to use {@code WeakReference}'s
   * to hold its keys thus allowing them to be reclaimed by the garbage collector.
   * The associated values are retained using strong references.
   * <p>
   * This class follows the semantics of {@code Hashtable} as closely as
   * possible. It therefore does not accept null values or keys.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * <strong>Note:</strong>
   * This is <em>not</em> intended to be a general purpose hash table replacement.
   * This implementation is also tuned towards a particular purpose: for use as a replacement
   * for {@code Hashtable} in {@code LogFactory}. This application requires
   * good liveliness for {@code get} and {@code put}. Various tradeoffs
   * have been made with this in mind.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * <strong>Usage:</strong> typical use case is as a drop-in replacement
   * for the {@code Hashtable} used in {@code LogFactory} for J2EE environments
   * running 1.3+ JVMs. Use of this class <em>in most cases</em> (see below) will
   * allow class loaders to be collected by the garbage collector without the need
   * to call {@link org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory#release(ClassLoader) LogFactory.release(ClassLoader)}.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * {@code org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory} checks whether this class
   * can be supported by the current JVM, and if so then uses it to store
   * references to the {@code LogFactory} implementation it loads
   * (rather than using a standard Hashtable instance).
   * Having this class used instead of {@code Hashtable} solves
   * certain issues related to dynamic reloading of applications in J2EE-style
   * environments. However this class requires Java 1.3 or later (due to its use
   * of {@link java.lang.ref.WeakReference} and associates).
   * And by the way, this extends {@code Hashtable} rather than {@code HashMap}
   * for backwards compatibility reasons. See the documentation
   * for method {@code LogFactory.createFactoryStore} for more details.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * The reason all this is necessary is due to a issue which
   * arises during hot deploy in a J2EE-like containers.
   * Each component running in the container owns one or more class loaders; when
   * the component loads a LogFactory instance via the component class loader
   * a reference to it gets stored in the static LogFactory.factories member,
   * keyed by the component's class loader so different components don't
   * stomp on each other. When the component is later unloaded, the container
   * sets the component's class loader to null with the intent that all the
   * component's classes get garbage-collected. However there's still a
   * reference to the component's class loader from a key in the "global"
   * {@code LogFactory}'s factories member! If {@code LogFactory.release()}
   * is called whenever component is unloaded, the class loaders will be correctly
   * garbage collected; this <em>should</em> be done by any container that
   * bundles commons-logging by default. However, holding the class loader
   * references weakly ensures that the class loader will be garbage collected
   * without the container performing this step.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * <strong>Limitations:</strong>
   * There is still one (unusual) scenario in which a component will not
   * be correctly unloaded without an explicit release. Though weak references
   * are used for its keys, it is necessary to use strong references for its values.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * If the abstract class {@code LogFactory} is
   * loaded by the container class loader but a subclass of
   * {@code LogFactory} [LogFactory1] is loaded by the component's
   * class loader and an instance stored in the static map associated with the
   * base LogFactory class, then there is a strong reference from the LogFactory
   * class to the LogFactory1 instance (as normal) and a strong reference from
   * the LogFactory1 instance to the component class loader via
  * {@code getClass().getClassLoader()}. This chain of references will prevent
  * collection of the child class loader.
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * Such a situation occurs when the commons-logging.jar is
  * loaded by a parent class loader (e.g. a server level class loader in a
  * servlet container) and a custom {@code LogFactory} implementation is
  * loaded by a child class loader (e.g. a web app class loader).
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * To avoid this scenario, ensure
  * that any custom LogFactory subclass is loaded by the same class loader as
  * the base {@code LogFactory}. Creating custom LogFactory subclasses is,
  * however, rare. The standard LogFactoryImpl class should be sufficient
  * for most or all users.
  * </p>
  *
  * @since 1.1
  * @deprecated No longer used, will be removed in 2.0.
  */
 @Deprecated
 public final class WeakHashtable extends Hashtable {
 
     /** Entry implementation */
     private final static class Entry implements Map.Entry {
 
         private final Object key;
         private final Object value;
 
         private Entry(final Object key, final Object value) {
             this.key = key;
             this.value = value;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(final Object o) {
             boolean result = false;
             if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                 final Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) o;
                 result =    (getKey()==null ?
                                             entry.getKey() == null :
                                             getKey().equals(entry.getKey())) &&
                             (getValue()==null ?
                                             entry.getValue() == null :
                                             getValue().equals(entry.getValue()));
             }
             return result;
         }
 
         @Override
         public Object getKey() {
             return key;
         }
 
         @Override
         public Object getValue() {
             return value;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return (getKey()==null ? 0 : getKey().hashCode()) ^
                 (getValue()==null ? 0 : getValue().hashCode());
         }
 
         @Override
         public Object setValue(final Object value) {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Entry.setValue is not supported.");
         }
     }
 
     /** Wrapper giving correct symantics for equals and hash code */
     private final static class Referenced {
 
         private final WeakReference reference;
         private final int           hashCode;
 
         /**
          *
          * @throws NullPointerException if referant is {@code null}
          */
         private Referenced(final Object referant) {
             reference = new WeakReference(referant);
             // Calc a permanent hashCode so calls to Hashtable.remove()
             // work if the WeakReference has been cleared
             hashCode  = referant.hashCode();
         }
 
         /**
          *
          * @throws NullPointerException if key is {@code null}
          */
         private Referenced(final Object key, final ReferenceQueue queue) {
             reference = new WeakKey(key, queue, this);
             // Calc a permanent hashCode so calls to Hashtable.remove()
             // work if the WeakReference has been cleared
             hashCode  = key.hashCode();
 
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(final Object o) {
             boolean result = false;
             if (o instanceof Referenced) {
                 final Referenced otherKey = (Referenced) o;
                 final Object thisKeyValue = getValue();
                 final Object otherKeyValue = otherKey.getValue();
                 if (thisKeyValue == null) {
                     result = otherKeyValue == null;
 
                     // Since our hash code was calculated from the original
                     // non-null referant, the above check breaks the
                     // hash code/equals contract, as two cleared Referenced
                     // objects could test equal but have different hash codes.
                     // We can reduce (not eliminate) the chance of this
                     // happening by comparing hash codes.
                     result = result && hashCode() == otherKey.hashCode();
                     // In any case, as our c'tor does not allow null referants
                     // and Hashtable does not do equality checks between
                     // existing keys, normal hash table operations should never
                     // result in an equals comparison between null referants
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     result = thisKeyValue.equals(otherKeyValue);
                 }
             }
             return result;
         }
 
         private Object getValue() {
             return reference.get();
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return hashCode;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * WeakReference subclass that holds a hard reference to an
      * associated {@code value} and also makes accessible
      * the Referenced object holding it.
      */
     private final static class WeakKey extends WeakReference {
 
         private final Referenced referenced;
 
         private WeakKey(final Object key,
                         final ReferenceQueue queue,
                         final Referenced referenced) {
             super(key, queue);
             this.referenced = referenced;
         }
 
         private Referenced getReferenced() {
             return referenced;
         }
      }
 
     /** Serializable version identifier. */
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -1546036869799732453L;
 
     /**
      * The maximum number of times put() or remove() can be called before
      * the map will be purged of all cleared entries.
      */
     private static final int MAX_CHANGES_BEFORE_PURGE = 100;
 
     /**
      * The maximum number of times put() or remove() can be called before
      * the map will be purged of one cleared entry.
      */
     private static final int PARTIAL_PURGE_COUNT     = 10;
 
     /** ReferenceQueue we check for GC'd keys. */
     private final transient ReferenceQueue queue = new ReferenceQueue();
 
     /** Counter used to control how often we purge gc'd entries. */
     private int changeCount;
 
     /**
      * Constructs a WeakHashtable with the Hashtable default
      * capacity and load factor.
      */
     public WeakHashtable() {}
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public boolean containsKey(final Object key) {
         // purge should not be required
         final Referenced referenced = new Referenced(key);
         return super.containsKey(referenced);
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public Enumeration elements() {
         purge();
         return super.elements();
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public Set entrySet() {
         purge();
         final Set referencedEntries = super.entrySet();
         final Set unreferencedEntries = new HashSet();
         for (final Object referencedEntry : referencedEntries) {
             final Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) referencedEntry;
             final Referenced referencedKey = (Referenced) entry.getKey();
             final Object key = referencedKey.getValue();
             final Object value = entry.getValue();
             if (key != null) {
                 final Entry dereferencedEntry = new Entry(key, value);
                 unreferencedEntries.add(dereferencedEntry);
             }
         }
         return unreferencedEntries;
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public Object get(final Object key) {
         // for performance reasons, no purge
         final Referenced referenceKey = new Referenced(key);
         return super.get(referenceKey);
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public boolean isEmpty() {
         purge();
         return super.isEmpty();
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public Enumeration keys() {
         purge();
         final Enumeration enumer = super.keys();
         return new Enumeration() {
             @Override
             public boolean hasMoreElements() {
                 return enumer.hasMoreElements();
             }
             @Override
             public Object nextElement() {
                  final Referenced nextReference = (Referenced) enumer.nextElement();
                  return nextReference.getValue();
             }
         };
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public Set keySet() {
         purge();
         final Set referencedKeys = super.keySet();
         final Set unreferencedKeys = new HashSet();
         for (final Object referencedKey : referencedKeys) {
             final Referenced referenceKey = (Referenced) referencedKey;
             final Object keyValue = referenceKey.getValue();
             if (keyValue != null) {
                 unreferencedKeys.add(keyValue);
             }
         }
         return unreferencedKeys;
     }
 
     /**
      * Purges all entries whose wrapped keys
      * have been garbage collected.
      */
     private void purge() {
         final List toRemove = new ArrayList();
         synchronized (queue) {
             WeakKey key;
             while ((key = (WeakKey) queue.poll()) != null) {
                 toRemove.add(key.getReferenced());
             }
         }
 
         // LOGGING-119: do the actual removal of the keys outside the sync block
         // to prevent deadlock scenarios as purge() may be called from
         // non-synchronized methods too
         final int size = toRemove.size();
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             super.remove(toRemove.get(i));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Purges one entry whose wrapped key
      * has been garbage collected.
      */
     private void purgeOne() {
         synchronized (queue) {
             final WeakKey key = (WeakKey) queue.poll();
             if (key != null) {
                 super.remove(key.getReferenced());
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized Object put(final Object key, final Object value) {
         // check for nulls, ensuring semantics match superclass
         Objects.requireNonNull(key, "key");
         Objects.requireNonNull(value, "value");
 
         // for performance reasons, only purge every
         // MAX_CHANGES_BEFORE_PURGE times
         if (changeCount++ > MAX_CHANGES_BEFORE_PURGE) {
             purge();
             changeCount = 0;
         }
         // do a partial purge more often
         else if (changeCount % PARTIAL_PURGE_COUNT == 0) {
             purgeOne();
         }
 
         final Referenced keyRef = new Referenced(key, queue);
         return super.put(keyRef, value);
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public void putAll(final Map t) {
         if (t != null) {
             final Set entrySet = t.entrySet();
             for (final Object element : entrySet) {
                 final Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) element;
                 put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * @see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     protected void rehash() {
         // purge here to save the effort of rehashing dead entries
         purge();
         super.rehash();
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized Object remove(final Object key) {
         // for performance reasons, only purge every
         // MAX_CHANGES_BEFORE_PURGE times
         if (changeCount++ > MAX_CHANGES_BEFORE_PURGE) {
             purge();
             changeCount = 0;
         }
         // do a partial purge more often
         else if (changeCount % PARTIAL_PURGE_COUNT == 0) {
             purgeOne();
         }
         return super.remove(new Referenced(key));
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public int size() {
         purge();
         return super.size();
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         purge();
         return super.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      *@see Hashtable
      */
     @Override
     public Collection values() {
         purge();
         return super.values();
     }
 }