/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the license.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.text.lookup;
  
  import java.net.InetAddress;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.nio.file.Path;
  import java.util.Base64;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Properties;
  import java.util.function.BiFunction;
  import java.util.function.Function;
  import java.util.function.Supplier;
  
  import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
  
  import org.apache.commons.text.StringSubstitutor;
  
  /**
   * Create instances of string lookups or access singleton string lookups implemented in this package.
   * <p>
   * The "classic" look up is {@link #mapStringLookup(Map)}.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * The methods for variable interpolation (A.K.A. variable substitution) are:
   * </p>
   * <ul>
   * <li>{@link #interpolatorStringLookup()}.</li>
   * <li>{@link #interpolatorStringLookup(Map)}.</li>
   * <li>{@link #interpolatorStringLookup(StringLookup)}.</li>
   * <li>{@link #interpolatorStringLookup(Map, StringLookup, boolean)}.</li>
   * </ul>
   * <p>
   * Unless explicitly requested otherwise, a set of default lookups are included for convenience with these variable interpolation methods. These defaults are
   * listed in the table below. However, the exact lookups included can be configured through the use of the {@value #DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY} system
   * property. If present, this system property will be parsed as a comma-separated list of lookup names, with the names being those defined by the
   * {@link DefaultStringLookup} enum. For example, setting this system property to {@code "BASE64_ENCODER,ENVIRONMENT"} will only include the
   * {@link DefaultStringLookup#BASE64_ENCODER BASE64_ENCODER} and {@link DefaultStringLookup#ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT} lookups. Setting the property to the empty
   * string will cause no defaults to be configured. Note that not all lookups defined here and in {@link DefaultStringLookup} are included by default.
   * Specifically, lookups that can execute code (e.g., {@link DefaultStringLookup#SCRIPT SCRIPT}) and those that can result in contact with remote servers (e.g.,
   * {@link DefaultStringLookup#URL URL} and {@link DefaultStringLookup#DNS DNS}) are not included by default. The current set of default lookups can be accessed
   * directly with {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map)}.
   * </p>
   * <table>
   * <caption>Default String Lookups</caption>
   * <tr>
   * <th>Key</th>
   * <th>Interface</th>
   * <th>Factory Method</th>
   * <th>Since</th>
   * </tr>
   * <tr>
   * <td>{@value #KEY_BASE64_DECODER}</td>
   * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
   * <td>{@link #base64DecoderStringLookup()}</td>
   * <td>1.6</td>
   * </tr>
   * <tr>
   * <td>{@value #KEY_BASE64_ENCODER}</td>
   * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
   * <td>{@link #base64EncoderStringLookup()}</td>
   * <td>1.6</td>
   * </tr>
   * <tr>
   * <td>{@value #KEY_CONST}</td>
   * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
   * <td>{@link #constantStringLookup()}</td>
   * <td>1.5</td>
   * </tr>
   * <tr>
   * <td>{@value #KEY_DATE}</td>
   * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
   * <td>{@link #dateStringLookup()}</td>
   * <td>1.5</td>
   * </tr>
   * <tr>
   * <td>{@value #KEY_ENV}</td>
   * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
   * <td>{@link #environmentVariableStringLookup()}</td>
   * <td>1.3</td>
   * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_FILE}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #fileStringLookup(Path...)}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_JAVA}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #javaPlatformStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_LOCALHOST}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #localHostStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.3</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_LOOPBACK_ADDRESS}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #loopbackAddressStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.13.0</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_PROPERTIES}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #propertiesStringLookup(Path...)}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_RESOURCE_BUNDLE}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #resourceBundleStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.6</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_SYS}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #systemPropertyStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.3</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_URL_DECODER}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #urlDecoderStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_URL_ENCODER}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #urlEncoderStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_XML}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #xmlStringLookup(Map, Path...)}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_XML_DECODER}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #xmlDecoderStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.11.0</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_XML_ENCODER}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #xmlEncoderStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.11.0</td>
  * </tr>
  * </table>
  *
  * <table>
  * <caption>Additional String Lookups (not included by default)</caption>
  * <tr>
  * <th>Key</th>
  * <th>Interface</th>
  * <th>Factory Method</th>
  * <th>Since</th>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_DNS}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #dnsStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.8</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_URL}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #urlStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@value #KEY_SCRIPT}</td>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #scriptStringLookup()}</td>
  * <td>1.5</td>
  * </tr>
  * </table>
  *
  * <p>
  * This class also provides functional lookups used as building blocks for other lookups.
  * <table>
  * <caption>Functional String Lookups</caption>
  * <tr>
  * <th>Interface</th>
  * <th>Factory Method</th>
  * <th>Since</th>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@link BiStringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #biFunctionStringLookup(BiFunction)}</td>
  * <td>1.9</td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
  * <td>{@link StringLookup}</td>
  * <td>{@link #functionStringLookup(Function)}</td>
  * <td>1.9</td>
  * </tr>
  * </table>
  *
  * @since 1.3
  */
 public final class StringLookupFactory {
 
     /**
      * Builds instance of {@link StringLookupFactory}.
      *
      * @since 1.12.0
      */
     public static final class Builder implements Supplier<StringLookupFactory> {
 
         /**
          * Fences.
          */
         private Path[] fences;
 
         /**
          * Creates a new instance.
          */
         public Builder() {
             // empty
         }
 
 
         @Override
         public StringLookupFactory get() {
             return new StringLookupFactory(fences);
         }
 
         /**
          * Sets Path resolution fences.
          * <p>
          * Path Fences apply to the file, property, and XML string lookups.
          * </p>
          *
          * @param fences Path resolution fences.
          * @return {@code this} instance.
          */
         public Builder setFences(final Path... fences) {
             this.fences = fences;
             return this;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * Internal class used to construct the default {@link StringLookup} map used by {@link StringLookupFactory#addDefaultStringLookups(Map)}.
      */
     static final class DefaultStringLookupsHolder {
 
         /** Singleton instance, initialized with the system properties. */
         static final DefaultStringLookupsHolder INSTANCE = new DefaultStringLookupsHolder(System.getProperties());
 
         /**
          * Adds the key and string lookup from {@code lookup} to {@code map}, also adding any additional key aliases if needed. Keys are normalized using the
          * {@link #toKey(String)} method.
          *
          * @param lookup lookup to add
          * @param map    map to add to
          */
         private static void addLookup(final DefaultStringLookup lookup, final Map<String, StringLookup> map) {
             map.put(toKey(lookup.getKey()), lookup.getStringLookup());
             if (DefaultStringLookup.BASE64_DECODER.equals(lookup)) {
                 // "base64" is deprecated in favor of KEY_BASE64_DECODER.
                 map.put(toKey("base64"), lookup.getStringLookup());
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * Creates the lookup map used when the user has requested no customization.
          *
          * @return default lookup map
          */
         private static Map<String, StringLookup> createDefaultStringLookups() {
             final Map<String, StringLookup> lookupMap = new HashMap<>();
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.BASE64_DECODER, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.BASE64_ENCODER, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.CONST, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.DATE, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.ENVIRONMENT, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.FILE, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.JAVA, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.LOCAL_HOST, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.LOOPBACK_ADDRESS, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.PROPERTIES, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.RESOURCE_BUNDLE, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.SYSTEM_PROPERTIES, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.URL_DECODER, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.URL_ENCODER, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.XML, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.XML_DECODER, lookupMap);
             addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.XML_ENCODER, lookupMap);
             return lookupMap;
         }
 
         /**
          * Constructs a lookup map by parsing the given string. The string is expected to contain comma or space-separated names of values from the
          * {@link DefaultStringLookup} enum. If the given string is null or empty, an empty map is returned.
          *
          * @param str string to parse; may be null or empty
          * @return lookup map parsed from the given string
          */
         private static Map<String, StringLookup> parseStringLookups(final String str) {
             final Map<String, StringLookup> lookupMap = new HashMap<>();
             try {
                 for (final String lookupName : str.split("[\\s,]+")) {
                     if (!lookupName.isEmpty()) {
                         addLookup(DefaultStringLookup.valueOf(lookupName.toUpperCase()), lookupMap);
                     }
                 }
             } catch (final IllegalArgumentException exc) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid default string lookups definition: " + str, exc);
             }
             return lookupMap;
         }
 
         /** Default string lookup map. */
         private final Map<String, StringLookup> defaultStringLookups;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance initialized with the given properties.
          *
          * @param props initialization properties
          */
         DefaultStringLookupsHolder(final Properties props) {
             final Map<String, StringLookup> lookups = props.containsKey(StringLookupFactory.DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY)
                     ? parseStringLookups(props.getProperty(StringLookupFactory.DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY))
                     : createDefaultStringLookups();
             defaultStringLookups = Collections.unmodifiableMap(lookups);
         }
 
         /**
          * Gets the default string lookups map.
          *
          * @return default string lookups map
          */
         Map<String, StringLookup> getDefaultStringLookups() {
             return defaultStringLookups;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Name of the system property used to determine the string lookups added by the {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map)} method. Use of this property is only
      * required in cases where the set of default lookups must be modified. (See the class documentation for details.)
      *
      * @since 1.10.0
      */
     public static final String DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY = "org.apache.commons.text.lookup.StringLookupFactory.defaultStringLookups";
 
     /**
      * Defines the singleton for this class.
      */
     public static final StringLookupFactory INSTANCE = new StringLookupFactory();
 
     /**
      * Decodes Base64 Strings.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.base64DecoderStringLookup().lookup("SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${base64Decoder:SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE="} to {@code "HelloWorld!"}.
      * </p>
      */
     static final FunctionStringLookup<String> INSTANCE_BASE64_DECODER = FunctionStringLookup
             .on(key -> new String(Base64.getDecoder().decode(key), StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
 
     /**
      * Encodes Base64 Strings.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.base64EncoderStringLookup().lookup("HelloWorld!");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${base64Encoder:HelloWorld!} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "HelloWorld!"} to {@code "SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE="}.
      * </p>
      * Defines the singleton for this class.
      */
     static final FunctionStringLookup<String> INSTANCE_BASE64_ENCODER = FunctionStringLookup
             .on(key -> Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));
 
     /**
      * Looks up keys from environment variables.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.environmentVariableStringLookup().lookup("USER");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${env:USER} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert (on Linux) {@code "USER"} to the current user name. On Windows 10, you would use {@code "USERNAME"} to the same effect.
      * </p>
      */
     static final FunctionStringLookup<String> INSTANCE_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = FunctionStringLookup.on(System::getenv);
 
     /**
      * Defines the FunctionStringLookup singleton that always returns null.
      */
     static final FunctionStringLookup<String> INSTANCE_NULL = FunctionStringLookup.on(key -> null);
 
     /**
      * Defines the FunctionStringLookup singleton for looking up system properties.
      */
     static final FunctionStringLookup<String> INSTANCE_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES = FunctionStringLookup.on(System::getProperty);
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_BASE64_DECODER}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_BASE64_DECODER = "base64Decoder";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_BASE64_ENCODER}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_BASE64_ENCODER = "base64Encoder";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_CONST}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_CONST = "const";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_DATE}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_DATE = "date";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_DNS}.
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public static final String KEY_DNS = "dns";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_ENV}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_ENV = "env";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_FILE}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_FILE = "file";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_JAVA}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_JAVA = "java";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_LOCALHOST}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_LOCALHOST = "localhost";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_LOOPBACK_ADDRESS}.
      *
      * @since 1.13.0
      */
     public static final String KEY_LOOPBACK_ADDRESS = "loobackAddress";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_PROPERTIES}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_PROPERTIES = "properties";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_RESOURCE_BUNDLE}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_RESOURCE_BUNDLE = "resourceBundle";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_SCRIPT}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_SCRIPT = "script";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_SYS}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_SYS = "sys";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_URL}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_URL = "url";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_URL_DECODER}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_URL_DECODER = "urlDecoder";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_URL_ENCODER}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_URL_ENCODER = "urlEncoder";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_XML}.
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final String KEY_XML = "xml";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_XML_DECODER}.
      *
      * @since 1.11.0
      */
     public static final String KEY_XML_DECODER = "xmlDecoder";
 
     /**
      * Default lookup key for interpolation {@value #KEY_XML_ENCODER}.
      *
      * @since 1.11.0
      */
     public static final String KEY_XML_ENCODER = "xmlEncoder";
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new {@link Builder}.
      *
      * @return a new {@link Builder}
      * @since 1.12.0
      */
     public static Builder builder() {
         return new Builder();
     }
 
     /**
      * Clears any static resources.
      *
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public static void clear() {
         ConstantStringLookup.clear();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a string suitable for use as a key in the string lookup map.
      *
      * @param key string to convert to a string lookup map key
      * @return string lookup map key
      */
     static String toKey(final String key) {
         return key.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the given map if the input is non-null or an empty immutable map if the input is null.
      *
      * @param <K> the class of the map keys
      * @param <V> the class of the map values
      * @param map The map to test
      * @return the given map if the input is non-null or an empty immutable map if the input is null.
      */
     static <K, V> Map<K, V> toMap(final Map<K, V> map) {
         return map == null ? Collections.emptyMap() : map;
     }
 
     /**
      * Fences.
      */
     private final Path[] fences;
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new instance.
      */
     private StringLookupFactory() {
         this(null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new instance.
      */
     private StringLookupFactory(final Path[] fences) {
         this.fences = fences;
     }
 
     /**
      * Adds the default string lookups for this class to {@code stringLookupMap}. The default string lookups are a set of built-in lookups added for convenience
      * during string interpolation. The defaults may be configured using the {@value #DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY} system property. See the class
      * documentation for details and a list of lookups.
      *
      * @param stringLookupMap the map of string lookups to edit.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public void addDefaultStringLookups(final Map<String, StringLookup> stringLookupMap) {
         if (stringLookupMap != null) {
             stringLookupMap.putAll(DefaultStringLookupsHolder.INSTANCE.getDefaultStringLookups());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the Base64DecoderStringLookup singleton instance to decode Base64 strings.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.base64DecoderStringLookup().lookup("SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${base64Decoder:SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE="} to {@code "HelloWorld!"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The Base64DecoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup base64DecoderStringLookup() {
         return StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE_BASE64_DECODER;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the Base64EncoderStringLookup singleton instance to encode strings to Base64.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.base64EncoderStringLookup().lookup("HelloWorld!");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${base64Encoder:HelloWorld!} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code } to {@code "SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE="}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The Base64EncoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public StringLookup base64EncoderStringLookup() {
         return StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE_BASE64_ENCODER;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the Base64DecoderStringLookup singleton instance to decode Base64 strings.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.base64DecoderStringLookup().lookup("SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${base64Decoder:SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE="} to {@code "HelloWorld!"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The Base64DecoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #base64DecoderStringLookup()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public StringLookup base64StringLookup() {
         return StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE_BASE64_DECODER;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new function-based lookup where the request for a lookup is answered by applying the function with a lookup key.
      *
      * @param <R>        the function return type.
      * @param <U>        the function's second parameter type.
      * @param biFunction the function.
      * @return a new MapStringLookup.
      * @since 1.9
      */
     public <R, U> BiStringLookup<U> biFunctionStringLookup(final BiFunction<String, U, R> biFunction) {
         return BiFunctionStringLookup.on(biFunction);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the ConstantStringLookup singleton instance to look up the value of a fully-qualified static final value.
      * <p>
      * Sometimes it is necessary in a configuration file to refer to a constant defined in a class. This can be done with this lookup implementation. Variable
      * names must be in the format {@code apackage.AClass.AFIELD}. The {@code lookup(String)} method will split the passed in string at the last dot, separating
      * the fully qualified class name and the name of the constant (i.e. <strong>static final</strong>) member field. Then the class is loaded and the field's
      * value is obtained using reflection.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Once retrieved values are cached for fast access. This class is thread-safe. It can be used as a standard (i.e. global) lookup object and serve multiple
      * clients concurrently.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.constantStringLookup().lookup("java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${const:java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE} to {@code "27"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The ConstantStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup constantStringLookup() {
         return ConstantStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the DateStringLookup singleton instance to format the current date with the format given in the key in a format compatible with
      * {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat}.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.dateStringLookup().lookup("yyyy-MM-dd");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${date:yyyy-MM-dd} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "yyyy-MM-dd"} to todays's date, for example, {@code "2019-08-04"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The DateStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup dateStringLookup() {
         return DateStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the DnsStringLookup singleton instance where the lookup key is one of:
      * <ul>
      * <li><strong>name</strong>: for the local host name, for example {@code EXAMPLE} but also {@code EXAMPLE.apache.org}.</li>
      * <li><strong>canonical-name</strong>: for the local canonical host name, for example {@code EXAMPLE.apache.org}.</li>
      * <li><strong>address</strong>: for the local host address, for example {@code 192.168.56.1}.</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.dnsStringLookup().lookup("address|apache.org");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * When used through a {@link StringSubstitutor}, this lookup must either be added programmatically (as below) or enabled as a default lookup using the
      * {@value #DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY} system property (see class documentation).
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * Map&lt;String, StringLookup&gt; lookupMap = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
      * lookupMap.put("dns", StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.dnsStringLookup());
      *
      * StringLookup variableResolver = StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.interpolatorStringLookup(lookupMap, null, false);
      *
      * new StringSubstitutor(variableResolver).replace("... ${dns:address|apache.org} ...");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "address|apache.org"} to the IP address of {@code apache.org}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the DnsStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public StringLookup dnsStringLookup() {
         return DnsStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the EnvironmentVariableStringLookup singleton instance where the lookup key is an environment variable name.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.environmentVariableStringLookup().lookup("USER");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${env:USER} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert (on Linux) {@code "USER"} to the current user name. On Windows 10, you would use {@code "USERNAME"} to the same effect.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The EnvironmentVariableStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup environmentVariableStringLookup() {
         return StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a file StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * If this factory was built using {@link Builder#setFences(Path...)}, then the string lookup is fenced and will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
      * if a lookup causes causes a path to resolve outside of these fences. Otherwise, the result is unfenced to preserved behavior from previous versions.
      * </p>
      * <em>Using a fenced StringLookup</em>
      * <p>
      * To use a fenced {@link StringLookup}, use {@link StringLookupFactory#builder()}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Make the fence the current directory
      * StringLookupFactory factory = StringLookupFactory.builder().setFences(Paths.get("")).get();
      * factory.fileStringLookup().lookup("UTF-8:com/domain/document.txt");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * factory.fileStringLookup().lookup("UTF-8:/rootdir/foo/document.txt");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * factory.fileStringLookup().lookup("UTF-8:../document.txt");
      * </pre>
      *
      * <em>Using an unfenced StringLookup</em>
      * <p>
      * To use an unfenced {@link StringLookup}, use {@link StringLookupFactory#INSTANCE}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup().lookup("UTF-8:com/domain/document.properties");
      * </pre>
      *
      * <em>Using a StringLookup with StringSubstitutor</em>
      * <p>
      * To build a fenced StringSubstitutor, use:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Make the fence the current directory
      * final StringLookupFactory factory = StringLookupFactory.builder().setFences(Paths.get("")).get();
      * final StringSubstitutor stringSubstitutor = new StringSubstitutor(factory.interpolatorStringLookup());
      * stringSubstitutor.replace("... ${file:UTF-8:com/domain/document.txt} ..."));
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * stringSubstitutor.replace("... ${file:UTF-8:/rootdir/foo/document.txt} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using an unfenced {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${file:UTF-8:com/domain/document.txt} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "UTF-8:com/domain/document.txt"} to the contents of the file.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return a file StringLookup instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup fileStringLookup() {
         return fences != null ? fileStringLookup(fences) : FileStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a fenced file StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * To use a {@link StringLookup} fenced by the current directory, use:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("UTF-8:com/domain/document.txt");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("UTF-8:/rootdir/foo/document.txt");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("UTF-8:../com/domain/document.txt");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above example converts {@code "UTF-8:com/domain/document.txt"} to the contents of the file.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * {@link StringSubstitutor} methods like {@link StringSubstitutor#replace(String)} will throw a {@link IllegalArgumentException} when a file doesn't
      * resolves in a fence.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param fences The fences guarding Path resolution.
      * @return a file StringLookup instance.
      * @since 1.12.0
      */
     public StringLookup fileStringLookup(final Path... fences) {
         return new FileStringLookup(fences);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new function-based lookup where the request for a lookup is answered by applying the function with a lookup key.
      *
      * @param <R>      the function return type.
      * @param function the function.
      * @return a new MapStringLookup.
      * @since 1.9
      */
     public <R> StringLookup functionStringLookup(final Function<String, R> function) {
         return FunctionStringLookup.on(function);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link InterpolatorStringLookup} containing the configured {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map) default lookups}. See the class documentation
      * for details on how these defaults are configured.
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.interpolatorStringLookup().lookup("${sys:os.name}, ${env:USER}");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${sys:os.name}, ${env:USER} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "${sys:os.name}, ${env:USER}"} to the OS name and Linux user name.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the default {@link InterpolatorStringLookup}.
      */
     public StringLookup interpolatorStringLookup() {
         return InterpolatorStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new InterpolatorStringLookup. If {@code addDefaultLookups} is {@code true}, the configured {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map) default
      * lookups} are included in addition to the ones provided in {@code stringLookupMap}. (See the class documentation for details on how default lookups are
      * configured.)
      *
      * @param stringLookupMap     the map of string lookups.
      * @param defaultStringLookup the default string lookup; this lookup is used when a variable cannot be resolved using the lookups in {@code stringLookupMap}
      *                            or the configured default lookups (if enabled)
      * @param addDefaultLookups   whether to use default lookups as described above.
      * @return a new InterpolatorStringLookup.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public StringLookup interpolatorStringLookup(final Map<String, StringLookup> stringLookupMap, final StringLookup defaultStringLookup,
             final boolean addDefaultLookups) {
         return new InterpolatorStringLookup(stringLookupMap, defaultStringLookup, addDefaultLookups);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new InterpolatorStringLookup using the given key-value pairs and the configured {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map) default lookups} to
      * resolve variables. (See the class documentation for details on how default lookups are configured.)
      *
      * @param <V> the value type the default string lookup's map.
      * @param map the default map for string lookups.
      * @return a new InterpolatorStringLookup.
      */
     public <V> StringLookup interpolatorStringLookup(final Map<String, V> map) {
         return new InterpolatorStringLookup(map);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new InterpolatorStringLookup using the given lookup and the configured {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map) default lookups} to resolve
      * variables. (See the class documentation for details on how default lookups are configured.)
      *
      * @param defaultStringLookup the default string lookup.
      * @return a new InterpolatorStringLookup.
      */
     public StringLookup interpolatorStringLookup(final StringLookup defaultStringLookup) {
         return new InterpolatorStringLookup(defaultStringLookup);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the JavaPlatformStringLookup singleton instance. Looks up keys related to Java: Java version, JRE version, VM version, and so on.
      * <p>
      * The lookup keys with examples are:
      * </p>
      * <ul>
      * <li><strong>version</strong>: "Java version 1.8.0_181"</li>
      * <li><strong>runtime</strong>: "Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13) from Oracle Corporation"</li>
      * <li><strong>vm</strong>: "Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)"</li>
      * <li><strong>os</strong>: "Windows 10 10.0, architecture: amd64-64"</li>
      * <li><strong>hardware</strong>: "processors: 4, architecture: amd64-64, instruction sets: amd64"</li>
      * <li><strong>locale</strong>: "default locale: en_US, platform encoding: iso-8859-1"</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.javaPlatformStringLookup().lookup("version");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${java:version} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "version"} to the current VM version, for example, {@code "Java version 1.8.0_181"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The JavaPlatformStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup javaPlatformStringLookup() {
         return JavaPlatformStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the InetAddressStringLookup instance where the lookup key for {@link InetAddress#getLocalHost()} is one of:
      * <ul>
      * <li><strong>name</strong>: for the local host name, for example {@code EXAMPLE}.</li>
      * <li><strong>canonical-name</strong>: for the local canonical host name, for example {@code EXAMPLE.apache.org}.</li>
      * <li><strong>address</strong>: for the local host address, for example {@code 192.168.56.1}.</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.localHostStringLookup().lookup("canonical-name");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${localhost:canonical-name} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "canonical-name"} to the current host name, for example, {@code "EXAMPLE.apache.org"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The InetAddressStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup localHostStringLookup() {
         return InetAddressStringLookup.LOCAL_HOST;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the InetAddressStringLookup instance where the lookup key for {@link InetAddress#getLoopbackAddress()} is one of:
      * <ul>
      * <li><strong>name</strong>: for the local host name, for example {@code EXAMPLE}.</li>
      * <li><strong>canonical-name</strong>: for the local canonical host name, for example {@code EXAMPLE.apache.org}.</li>
      * <li><strong>address</strong>: for the local host address, for example {@code 192.168.56.1}.</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.loopbackAddressStringLookup().lookup("canonical-name");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${loopbackAddress:canonical-name} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "canonical-name"} to the current host name, for example, {@code "EXAMPLE.apache.org"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The InetAddressStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup loopbackAddressStringLookup() {
         return InetAddressStringLookup.LOOPACK_ADDRESS;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new map-based lookup where the request for a lookup is answered with the value for that key.
      *
      * @param <V> the map value type.
      * @param map the map.
      * @return a new MapStringLookup.
      */
     public <V> StringLookup mapStringLookup(final Map<String, V> map) {
         return FunctionStringLookup.on(map);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the NullStringLookup singleton instance which always returns null.
      *
      * @return The NullStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup nullStringLookup() {
         return StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE_NULL;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a Properties StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * If this factory was built using {@link Builder#setFences(Path...)}, then the string lookup is fenced and will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
      * if a lookup causes causes a path to resolve outside of these fences. Otherwise, the result is unfenced to preserved behavior from previous versions.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * We looks up a value for the key in the format "DocumentPath::MyKey".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Note the use of "::" instead of ":" to allow for "C:" drive letters in paths.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "com/domain/document.properties::MyKey".
      * </p>
      * <em>Using a fenced StringLookup</em>
      * <p>
      * To use a fenced {@link StringLookup}, use {@link StringLookupFactory#builder()}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Make the fence the current directory
      * StringLookupFactory factory = StringLookupFactory.builder().setFences(Paths.get("")).get();
      * factory.propertiesStringLookup().lookup("com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * factory.propertiesStringLookup().lookup("/com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * factory.propertiesStringLookup().lookup("../com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      * </pre>
      *
      * <em>Using an unfenced StringLookup</em>
      * <p>
      * To use an unfenced {@link StringLookup}, use {@link StringLookupFactory#INSTANCE}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.propertiesStringLookup().lookup("com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      * </pre>
      *
      * <em>Using a StringLookup with StringSubstitutor</em>
      * <p>
      * To build a fenced StringSubstitutor, use:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Make the fence the current directory
      * final StringLookupFactory factory = StringLookupFactory.builder().setFences(Paths.get("")).get();
      * final StringSubstitutor stringSubstitutor = new StringSubstitutor(factory.interpolatorStringLookup());
      * stringSubstitutor.replace("... ${properties:com/domain/document.properties::MyKey} ..."));
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * stringSubstitutor.replace("... ${properties:/rootdir/foo/document.properties::MyKey} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using an unfenced {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${properties:com/domain/document.properties::MyKey} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "com/domain/document.properties::MyKey"} to the key value in the properties file at the path
      * "com/domain/document.properties".
      * </p>
      *
      * @return a Properties StringLookup instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup propertiesStringLookup() {
         return fences != null ? propertiesStringLookup(fences) : PropertiesStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a fenced Properties StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * Looks up the value for the key in the format "DocumentPath::MyKey":.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Note the use of "::" instead of ":" to allow for "C:" drive letters in paths.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "com/domain/document.properties::MyKey".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * To use a {@link StringLookup} fenced by the current directory, use:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.fileStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("com/domain/document.properties::MyKey");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above example converts {@code "com/domain/document.properties::MyKey"} to the key value in the properties file at the path
      * "com/domain/document.properties".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * {@link StringSubstitutor} methods like {@link StringSubstitutor#replace(String)} will throw a {@link IllegalArgumentException} when a file doesn't
      * resolves in a fence.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param fences The fences guarding Path resolution.
      * @return a Properties StringLookup instance.
      * @since 1.12.0
      */
     public StringLookup propertiesStringLookup(final Path... fences) {
         return new PropertiesStringLookup(fences);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the ResourceBundleStringLookup singleton instance.
      * <p>
      * Looks up the value for a given key in the format "BundleName:BundleKey".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "com.domain.messages:MyKey".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.resourceBundleStringLookup().lookup("com.domain.messages:MyKey");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${resourceBundle:com.domain.messages:MyKey} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "com.domain.messages:MyKey"} to the key value in the resource bundle at {@code "com.domain.messages"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The ResourceBundleStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup resourceBundleStringLookup() {
         return ResourceBundleStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a ResourceBundleStringLookup instance for the given bundle name.
      * <p>
      * Looks up the value for a given key in the format "MyKey".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "MyKey".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.resourceBundleStringLookup("com.domain.messages").lookup("MyKey");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above example converts {@code "MyKey"} to the key value in the resource bundle at {@code "com.domain.messages"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param bundleName Only lookup in this bundle.
      * @return a ResourceBundleStringLookup instance for the given bundle name.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup resourceBundleStringLookup(final String bundleName) {
         return new ResourceBundleStringLookup(bundleName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the ScriptStringLookup singleton instance. NOTE: This lookup is not included as a {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map) default lookup} unless
      * explicitly enabled. See the class level documentation for details.
      * <p>
      * Looks up the value for the key in the format "ScriptEngineName:Script".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "javascript:3 + 4".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.scriptStringLookup().lookup("javascript:3 + 4");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * When used through a {@link StringSubstitutor}, this lookup must either be added programmatically (as below) or enabled as a default lookup using the
      * {@value #DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY} system property (see class documentation).
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * Map&lt;String, StringLookup&gt; lookupMap = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
      * lookupMap.put("script", StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.scriptStringLookup());
      *
      * StringLookup variableResolver = StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.interpolatorStringLookup(lookupMap, null, false);
      *
      * String value = new StringSubstitutor(variableResolver).replace("${script:javascript:3 + 4}");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "javascript:3 + 4"} to {@code "7"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The ScriptStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup scriptStringLookup() {
         return ScriptStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the SystemPropertyStringLookup singleton instance where the lookup key is a system property name.
      *
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.systemPropertyStringLookup().lookup("os.name");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${sys:os.name} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "os.name"} to the operating system name.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The SystemPropertyStringLookup singleton instance.
      */
     public StringLookup systemPropertyStringLookup() {
         return StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the UrlDecoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * <p>
      * Decodes URL Strings using the UTF-8 encoding.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "Hello%20World%21" becomes "Hello World!".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.urlDecoderStringLookup().lookup("Hello%20World%21");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${urlDecoder:Hello%20World%21} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "Hello%20World%21"} to {@code "Hello World!"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The UrlStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public StringLookup urlDecoderStringLookup() {
         return UrlDecoderStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the UrlDecoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * <p>
      * Decodes URL Strings using the UTF-8 encoding.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "Hello World!" becomes "Hello+World%21".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.urlEncoderStringLookup().lookup("Hello World!");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${urlEncoder:Hello World!} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "Hello World!"} to {@code "Hello%20World%21"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The UrlStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public StringLookup urlEncoderStringLookup() {
         return UrlEncoderStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the UrlStringLookup singleton instance. This lookup is not included as a {@link #addDefaultStringLookups(Map) default lookup} unless explicitly
      * enabled. See the class level documentation for details.
      * <p>
      * Looks up the value for the key in the format "CharsetName:URL".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example, using the HTTP scheme: "UTF-8:http://www.google.com"
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example, using the file scheme: "UTF-8:file:///C:/somehome/commons/commons-text/src/test/resources/document.properties"
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.urlStringLookup().lookup("UTF-8:https://www.apache.org");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * When used through a {@link StringSubstitutor}, this lookup must either be added programmatically (as below) or enabled as a default lookup using the
      * {@value #DEFAULT_STRING_LOOKUPS_PROPERTY} system property (see class documentation).
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * Map&lt;String, StringLookup&gt; lookupMap = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
      * lookupMap.put("url", StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.urlStringLookup());
      *
      * StringLookup variableResolver = StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.interpolatorStringLookup(lookupMap, null, false);
      *
      * String value = new StringSubstitutor(variableResolver).replace("${url:UTF-8:https://www.apache.org}");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "UTF-8:https://www.apache.org"} to the contents of that page.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The UrlStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup urlStringLookup() {
         return UrlStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the XmlDecoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * <p>
      * Decodes strings according to the XML 1.0 specification.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "&amp;lt;element&amp;gt;" becomes "&lt;element&gt;".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlDecoderStringLookup().lookup("&amp;lt;element&amp;gt;");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${xmlDecoder:&amp;lt;element&amp;gt;} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "&lt;element&gt;"} to {@code "<element>"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The XmlDecoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.11.0
      */
     public StringLookup xmlDecoderStringLookup() {
         return XmlDecoderStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the XmlEncoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * <p>
      * Encodes strings according to the XML 1.0 specification.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "&lt;element&gt;" becomes "&amp;lt;element&amp;gt;".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlEncoderStringLookup().lookup("&lt;element&gt;");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${xmlEncoder:&lt;element&gt;} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "<element>"} to {@code "&lt;element&gt;"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return The XmlEncoderStringLookup singleton instance.
      * @since 1.11.0
      */
     public StringLookup xmlEncoderStringLookup() {
         return XmlEncoderStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an XML StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * If this factory was built using {@link Builder#setFences(Path...)}, then the string lookup is fenced and will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
      * if a lookup causes causes a path to resolve outside of these fences. Otherwise, the result is unfenced to preserved behavior from previous versions.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * We look up the value for the key in the format "DocumentPath:XPath".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlStringLookup().lookup("com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${xml:com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node"} to the value of the XPath in the XML document.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return An XML StringLookup instance.
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public StringLookup xmlStringLookup() {
         return fences != null ? xmlStringLookup(XmlStringLookup.DEFAULT_FEATURES, fences) : XmlStringLookup.INSTANCE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an XML StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * If this factory was built using {@link Builder#setFences(Path...)}, then the string lookup is fenced and will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
      * if a lookup causes causes a path to resolve outside of these fences. Otherwise, the result is unfenced to preserved behavior from previous versions.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * We look up the value for the key in the format "DocumentPath:XPath".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlStringLookup().lookup("com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringSubstitutor}:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator().replace("... ${xml:com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node} ..."));
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node"} to the value of the XPath in the XML document.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param xPathFactoryFeatures XPathFactory features to set.
      * @return An XML StringLookup instance.
      * @see XPathFactory#setFeature(String, boolean)
      * @since 1.11.0
      */
     public StringLookup xmlStringLookup(final Map<String, Boolean> xPathFactoryFeatures) {
         return xmlStringLookup(xPathFactoryFeatures, fences);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a fenced XML StringLookup instance.
      * <p>
      * If this factory was built using {@link Builder#setFences(Path...)}, then the string lookup is fenced and will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
      * if a lookup causes causes a path to resolve outside of these fences. Otherwise, the result is unfenced to preserved behavior from previous versions.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * We look up the value for the key in the format "DocumentPath:XPath".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For example: "com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node".
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Using a {@link StringLookup} from the {@link StringLookupFactory} fenced by the current directory ({@code Paths.get("")}):
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlStringLookup(map, Pathe.get("")).lookup("com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * To use a {@link StringLookup} fenced by the current directory, use:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("/rootdir/foo/document.xml:/path/to/node");
      *
      * // throws IllegalArgumentException
      * StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.xmlStringLookup(Paths.get("")).lookup("../com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node");
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * The above examples convert {@code "com/domain/document.xml:/path/to/node"} to the value of the XPath in the XML document.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * {@link StringSubstitutor} methods like {@link StringSubstitutor#replace(String)} will throw a {@link IllegalArgumentException} when a file doesn't
      * resolves in a fence.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param xPathFactoryFeatures XPathFactory features to set.
      * @param fences               The fences guarding Path resolution.
      * @return An XML StringLookup instance.
      * @since 1.12.0
      */
     public StringLookup xmlStringLookup(final Map<String, Boolean> xPathFactoryFeatures, final Path... fences) {
         return new XmlStringLookup(xPathFactoryFeatures, fences);
     }
 }